UKRAINE
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UKRAINE
@Ukraine:Geography
Location: Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and
Russia
Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States - European States
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UKRAINE - MAJOR CITIES
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Latitude, Internat'l Time
Population Longitude Phone Code Zone
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KIEV 2,587,000 50.25N, 30.30E 7- GMT+3
Kharkov 1,611,000 50.00N, 36.15E 7- GMT+3
Dnepropetrovsk 1,179,000 48.27N, 34.59E 7- GMT+3
Odessa 1,115,000 46.28N, 30.44E 7- GMT+3
Donetsk 1,110,000 48.00N, 37.48E 7- GMT+3
Zaporozhye 884,000 47.50N, 35.10E 7- GMT+3
Lviv 790,000 49.50N, 24.00E 7- GMT+3
Krivoy Rog 713,000 47.55N, 33.21E 7- GMT+3
Mariupol (Zhdanov) 517,000 47.06N, 37.33E 7- GMT+3
Nikolayev 503,000 46.58N, 32.00E 7- GMT+3
Lugansk 497,000 48.34N, 39.20E 7- GMT+3
Makeyevka 430,000 48.02N, 37.58E 7- GMT+3
Vinnitsa 374,000 49.14N, 28.29E 7- GMT+3
Sevastopol 356,000 44.36N, 33.32E 7- GMT+3
Kherson 355,000 46.38N, 32.35E 7- GMT+3
Simferopol 344,000 44.57N, 34.06E 7- GMT+3
Gorlovka 337,000 48.18N, 38.03E 7- GMT+3
Poltava 315,000 49.35N, 34.34E 7- GMT+3
Chernobyl 15,000 51.17N, 30.15E 7- GMT+3
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Area:
total area: 603,700 sq km
land area: 603,700 sq km
comparative area: slightly smaller than Texas
Land boundaries: total 4,558 km, Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km,
Moldova 939 km, Poland 428 km, Romania (southwest) 169 km, Romania
(west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km
Coastline: 2,782 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf: 200-m or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: undefined
territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: certain territory of Moldova and Ukraine -
including Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina - are considered by
Bucharest as historically a part of Romania; this territory was
incorporated into the former Soviet Union following the
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1940; potential dispute with Russia over
Crimea; has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved
the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other
nation
Climate: temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern
Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest
in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from
cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm
across the greater part of the country, hot in the south
Terrain: most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and
plateaux, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians),
and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south
Natural resources: iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt,
sulphur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury,
timber
Land use:
arable land: 56%
permanent crops: 2%
meadows and pastures: 12%
forest and woodland: 0%
other: 30%
Irrigated land: 26,000 sq km (1990)
Environment:
current issues: inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water
pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast
from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant
natural hazards: NA
international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air
Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty,
Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Air
Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea
Note: strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia;
second largest country in Europe
@Ukraine:People
Population: 51,867,828 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 21% (female 5,217,850; male 5,407,450)
15-64 years: 65% (female 17,563,924; male 16,334,299)
65 years and over: 14% (female 4,976,893; male 2,367,412) (July 1995
est.)
Population growth rate: 0.04% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 12.31 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 12.67 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 20.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 70.11 years
male: 65.59 years
female: 74.87 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.81 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Ukrainian(s)
adjective: Ukrainian
Ethnic divisions: Ukrainian 73%, Russian 22%, Jewish 1%, other 4%
Religions: Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian
Orthodox - Kiev Patriarchate, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox,
Ukrainian Catholic (Uniate), Protestant, Jewish
Languages: Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1989)
total population: 98%
male: 100%
female: 97%
Labor force: 23.55 million (January 1994)
by occupation: industry and construction 33%, agriculture and forestry
21%, health, education, and culture 16%, trade and distribution 7%,
transport and communication 7%, other 16% (1992)
@Ukraine:Government
Names:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Ukraine
local long form: none
local short form: Ukrayina
former: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Digraph: UP
Type: republic
Capital: Kiev (Kyyiv)
Administrative divisions: 24 oblasti (singular - oblast'), 1
autonomous republic* (avtomnaya respublika), and 2 municipalites
(mista, singular - misto) with oblast status**; Cherkas'ka (Cherkasy),
Chernihivs'ka (Chernihiv), Chernivets'ka (Chernivtsi),
Dnipropetrovs'ka (Dnipropetrovs'k), Donets'ka (Donets'k),
Ivano-Frankivs'ka (Ivano-Frankivs'k), Kharkivs'ka (Kharkiv),
Khersons'ka (Kherson), Khmel'nyts'ka (Khmel'nyts'kyy), Kirovohrads'ka
(Kirovohrad), Kyyiv**, Kyyivs'ka (Kiev), Luhans'ka (Luhans'k),
L'vivs'ka (L'viv), Mykolayivs'ka (Mykolayiv), Odes'ka (Odesa),
Poltavs'ka (Poltava), Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Rivnens'ka
(Rivne), Sevastopol'**, Sums'ka (Sevastopol'), Ternopil's'ka
(Ternopil'), Vinnyts'ka (Vinnytsya), Volyns'ka (Luts'k), Zakarpats'ka
(Uzhhorod), Zaporiz'ka (Zaporizhzhya), Zhytomyrs'ka (Zhytomyr)
note: names in parentheses are administrative centers when name
differs from oblast' name
Independence: 1 December 1991 (from Soviet Union)
National holiday: Independence Day, 24 August (1991)
Constitution: using 1978 pre-independence constitution; new
constitution currently being drafted
Legal system: based on civil law system; no judicial review of
legislative acts
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Leonid D. KUCHMA (since 19 July 1994);
election last held 26 June and 10 July 1994 (next to be held NA 1999);
results - Leonid KUCHMA 52.15%, Leonid KRAVCHUK 45.06%
head of government: Acting Prime Minister Yeuben MARCHUK (since 3
March 1995); First Deputy Prime Ministers Yevhen MARCHUK and Viktor
PYNZENYK (since 31 October 1994) and six deputy prime ministers
cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and approved
by the Supreme Council
National Security Council: originally created in 1992, but
signficantly revamped and strengthened under President KUCHMA; members
include the president, prime minister, Ministers of Finance,
Environment, Justice, Internal Affairs, Foreign Economic Relations,
Economic and Foreign Affairs; the NSC staff is tasked with developing
national security policy on domestic and international matters and
advising the president
Presidential Administration: helps draft presidential edicts and
provides policy support to the president
Council of Regions: advisory body created by President KUCHMA in
September 1994; includes the Chairmen of Oblast and Kiev and
Sevastopol City Supreme Councils
Legislative branch: unicameral
Supreme Council: elections last held 27 March 1994 with repeat
elections continuing through December 1998 to fill empty seats (next
to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (450
total) Communists 91, Rukh 22, Agrarians 18, Socialists 15,
Republicans 11, Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists 5, Labor 5, Party
of Democratic Revival 4, Democrats 2, Social Democrats 2, Civil
Congress 2, Conservative Republicans 1, Party of Economic Revival of
Crimea 1, Christian Democrats 1, independents 225; note - 405 deputies
have been elected; run-off elections for the remaining 45 seats to be
held by December 1998
Judicial branch: joint commission formed in April 1995 to define a
program of judicial reform by year-end
Political parties and leaders: Green Party of Ukraine, Vitaliy
KONONOV, leader; Liberal Party of Ukraine; Liberal Democratic Party of
Ukraine, Volodymyr KLYMCHUK, chairman; Democratic Party of Ukraine,
Volodymyr Oleksandrovych YAVORIVSKIY, chairman; People's Party of
Ukraine, Leopol'd TABURYANSKYY, chairman; Peasants' Party of Ukraine,
Serhiy DOVHRAN', chairman; Party of Democratic Rebirth (Revival) of
Ukraine, Volodymyr FILENKO, chairman; Social Democratic Party of
Ukraine, Yuriy VUZDUHAN, chairman; Socialist Party of Ukraine,
Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman; Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party,
Vitaliy ZHURAVSKYY, chairman; Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party,
Stepan KHMARA, chairman; Ukrainian Labor Party, Valentyn LANDYK,
chairman; Ukrainian Party of Justice, Mykhaylo HRECHKO, chairman;
Ukrainian Peasants' Democratic Party, Serhiy PLACHINDA, chairman;
Ukrainian Republican Party, Mykhaylo HORYN', chairman; Ukrainian
National Conservative Party, Viktor RADIONOV, chairman; Ukrainian
People's Movement for Restructuring (Rukh), Vyacheslav CHORNOVIL,
chairman; Ukrainian Communist Party, Petr SYMONENKO; Agrarian Party;
Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists, S. STESTKO; Civil Congress, O.
BAZYLUK; Party of Economic Revival of Crimea; Democratic Party Of
Ukraine, Serhiy DOVMAN', chairman
Other political or pressure groups: New Ukraine (Nova Ukrayina);
Congress of National Democratic Forces
Member of: BSEC, CCC, CE (guest), CEI (associate members), CIS, EBRD,
ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT
(nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NACC,
OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNPROFOR, UPU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Yuriy SHCHERBAK
chancery: 3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 333-0606
FAX: [1] (202) 333-0817
consulate(s) general: Chicago and New York
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission: Ambassador William Green MILLER
embassy: 10 Yuria Kotsyubinskovo, 252053 Kiev 53
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: [7] (044) 244-73-49, 244-37-45
FAX: [7] (044) 244-73-50
Flag: two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow
represent grainfields under a blue sky
Economy
Overview: After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was far and away the
most important economic component of the former Soviet Union,
producing more than three times the output of the next-ranking
republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of
Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial
quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics.
Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied equipment and raw
materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the
former USSR. In early 1992, the Ukrainian government liberalized most
prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread
resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon
stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Loose monetary
and fiscal policies pushed inflation to hyperinflationary levels in
late 1993. Greater monetary and fiscal restraint lowered inflation in
1994, but also contributed to an accelerated decline in industrial
output. Since his election in July 1994, President KUCHMA has
developed - and parliament has approved - a comprehensive economic
reform program, maintained financial discipline, and reduced state
controls over prices, the exchange rate, and foreign trade.
Implementation of KUCHMA's economic agenda will encounter considerable
resistance from parliament, entrenched bureaucrats, and industrial
interests and will contribute to further declines in output and rising
unemployment which will sorely test the government's ability to stay
the course on reform in 1995.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $189.2 billion (1994
estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)
National product real growth rate: -19% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $3,650 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 14% per month (1994)
Unemployment rate: 0.4% officially registered; large number of
unregistered or underemployed workers
Budget:
revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports: $11.8 billion (1994)
commodities: coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals,
chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, grain, meat
partners: FSU countries, China, Italy, Switzerland
Imports: $14.2 billion (1994)
commodities: energy, machinery and parts, transportation equipment,
chemicals, textiles
partners: FSU countries, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic
External debt: $7.5 billion (yearend 1994)
Industrial production: growth rate -28% (1994 est.); accounts for 50%
of GDP
Electricity:
capacity: 54,380,000 kW
production: 182 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 3,200 kWh (1994)
Industries: coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals,
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food-processing
(especially sugar)
Agriculture: accounts for about 25% of GDP; grain, vegetables, meat,
milk, sugar beets
Illicit drugs: illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly
for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as
transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe
Economic aid: $550 million economic aid and $350 million to help
disassemble the atomic weapons from the US in 1994
Currency: Ukraine withdrew the Russian ruble from circulation on 12
November 1992 and declared the karbovanets (plural karbovantsi) sole
legal tender in Ukrainian markets; Ukrainian officials claim this is
an interim move toward introducing a new currency - the hryvnya -
possibly in mid-1995
Exchange rates: karbovantsi per 1$US - 107,900 (end December 1994),
130,000 (April 1994)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Ukraine:Transportation
Railroads:
total: 23,350 km
broad gauge: 23,350 km 1.524-m gauge (8,600 km electrified)
Highways:
total: 273,700 km
paved and graveled: 236,400 km
unpaved: earth 37,300 km
Inland waterways: 1,672 km perennially navigable (Pryp''yat' and
Dnipro Rivers)
Pipelines: crude oil 2,010 km; petroleum products 1,920 km; natural
gas 7,800 km (1992)
Ports: Berdyans'k, Illichivs'k, Izmayil, Kerch, Kherson, Kiev (Kyyiv),
Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Pivdenne, Reni
Merchant marine:
total: 379 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,799,253 GRT/5,071,175
DWT
ships by type: barge carrier 7, bulk 55, cargo 221, chemical tanker 2,
container 20, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 10,
passenger 12, passenger-cargo 5, railcar carrier 2, refrigerated cargo
5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 32, short-sea passenger 7
Airports:
total: 706
with paved runways over 3,047 m: 14
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 55
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 34
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3
with paved runways under 914 m: 57
with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 7
with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 16
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 37
with unpaved runways under 914 m: 476
@Ukraine:Communications
Telephone system: 7,886,000 telephone circuits; about 151.4 telephone
circuits/1,000 persons (1991); the telephone system is inadequate both
for business and for personal use; 3.56 million applications for
telephones had not been satisfied as of January 1991; electronic mail
services have been established in Kiev, Odesa, and Luhans'k by Sprint
local: an NMT-450 analog cellular telephone network operates in Kiev
(Kyyiv) and allows direct dialing of international calls through
Kiev's EWSD digital exchange
intercity: NA
international: calls to other CIS countries are carried by land line
or microwave; other international calls to 167 countries are carried
by satellite or by the 150 leased lines through the Moscow gateway
switch; INTELSAT, INMARSAT, and Intersputnik earth stations
Radio:
broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
radios: 15 million
Television:
broadcast stations: NA
televisions: 20 million
@Ukraine:Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Republic Security
Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 12,324,832; males fit for
military service 9,667,642; males reach military age (18) annually
359,546 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: 544.3 billion karbovantsi, less than 4% of GDP
(forecast for 1993); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US
dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading
results
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