TOGO
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TOGO
@Togo:Geography
Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between
Benin and Ghana
Map references: Africa
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TOGO - MAJOR CITIES
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Latitude, Internat'l Time
Population Longitude Phone Code Zone
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LOME 366,000 6.10N, 1.21E 228- GMT
Sokod‚ 48,000 8.59N, 1.11E 228- GMT
Palim‚ 32,000 6.57N, 0.44E 228- GMT
Atakpam‚ 27,000 7.34N, 1.14E 228- GMT
Bassari 22,000 9.18N, 0.53E 228- GMT
Ts‚vi‚ 17,000 6.26N, 1.18E 228- GMT
An‚cho 14,000 6.14N, 1.34E 228- GMT
Mango 13,000 10.23N, 0.35E 228- GMT
Bafilo 10,000 9.23N, 1.20E 228- GMT
Tabligbo 5,000 6.35N, 1.30E 228- GMT
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Area:
total area: 56,790 sq km
land area: 54,390 sq km
comparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia
Land boundaries: total 1,647 km, Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana
877 km
Coastline: 56 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 30 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Terrain: gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern
plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Natural resources: phosphates, limestone, marble
Land use:
arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 1%
meadows and pastures: 4%
forest and woodland: 28%
other: 42%
Irrigated land: 70 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues: deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn
agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; recent droughts affecting
agriculture
natural hazards: hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in
north during winter; periodic droughts
international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Law of the
Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Desertification, Tropical Timber 94
@Togo:People
Population: 4,410,370 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 49% (female 1,069,171; male 1,079,999)
15-64 years: 49% (female 1,121,685; male 1,043,000)
65 years and over: 2% (female 51,392; male 45,123) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 3.58% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 46.78 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 11.01 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 86.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 57.42 years
male: 55.29 years
female: 59.6 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.83 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Togolese (singular and plural)
adjective: Togolese
Ethnic divisions: 37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina,
and Kabye, European and Syrian-Lebanese under 1%
Religions: indigenous beliefs 70%, Christian 20%, Muslim 10%
Languages: French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and
Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Dagomba and Kabye
(the two major African languages in the north)
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population: 43%
male: 56%
female: 31%
Labor force: NA
by occupation: agriculture 80%
note: about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and
private sectors
@Togo:Government
Names:
conventional long form: Republic of Togo
conventional short form: Togo
local long form: Republique Togolaise
local short form: none
former: French Togo
Digraph: TO
Type: republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule
Capital: Lome
Administrative divisions: 23 circumscriptions (circonscriptions,
singular - circonscription); Amlame (Amou), Aneho (Lacs), Atakpame
(Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar (Bassari), Dapango
(Tone), Kande (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Pagouda (Binah), Lama-Kara
(Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou), Notse
(Haho), Pagouda, Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Nyala,
Tchaoudjo, Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo)
note: the 23 units may now be called prefectures (singular -
prefecture) and reported name changes for individual units are
included in parentheses
Independence: 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
National holiday: Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
Constitution: multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council
of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September
1992
Legal system: French-based court system
Suffrage: NA years of age; universal adult
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April
1967); election last held 25 August 1993 (next election to be held NA
1998); all major opposition parties boycotted the election; Gen.
EYADEMA won 96.5% of the vote
head of government: Prime Minister Edem KODJO (since April 1994)
cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and the
prime minister
Legislative branch: unicameral
National Assembly: elections last held 6 and 20 February 1994 (next to
be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (81 total)
CAR 36, RPT 35, UTD 7, UJD 2, CFN 1
note: the Supreme Court ordered new elections for 3 seats of the
Action Committee for Renewal (CAR) and the Togolese Union for
Democracy (UTD), lowering their total to 34 and 6 seats, respectively;
the remaining 3 seats have not been filled
Judicial branch: Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour
Supreme)
Political parties and leaders: Rally of the Togolese People (RPT),
President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles
(CFN), Joseph KOFFIGOH; The Togolese Union for Democracy (UTD), Edem
KODJO; The Action Committee for Renewal (CAR), Yao AGBOYIBOR; The
Union for Democracy and Solidarity (UDS), Antoine FOLLY; The
Pan-African Sociodemocrats Group (GSP), an alliance of three radical
parties: The Democratic Convention of African Peoples (CDPA), Leopold
GNININVI; The Party for Democracy and Renewal (PDR), Zarifou AYEVA;
The Pan-African Social Party (PSP), Francis AGBAGLI; The Union of
Forces for Change (UFC), Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile); Union of
Justice and Democracy (UJD), Lal TAXPANDJAN
note: Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) led by President EYADEMA was
the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized
12 April 1991
Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS,
Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD,
IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, MINURSO, NAM,
OAU, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission: Charge d'Affaires Edem Frederic HEGBE
chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212
FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission: Ambassador Johnny YOUNG (since September 1994)
embassy: Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome
mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome
telephone: [228] 21 77 17, 21 29 91 through 21 29 94
FAX: [228] 21 79 52
Flag: five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom)
alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red
square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African
colors of Ethiopia
Economy
Overview: The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture,
which accounts for about half of GDP and provides employment for 80%
of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee,
and cotton, which together generate about 30% of total export
earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests
are normal. In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the
most important activity, although it has suffered from the collapse of
world phosphate prices and increased foreign competition. Togo serves
as a regional commercial and trade center. The government's
decade-long IMF and World Bank supported effort to implement economic
reform measures to encourage foreign investment and bring revenues in
line with expenditures has stalled. Political unrest, including
private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, has
jeopardized the reform program, shrunk the tax base, and disrupted
vital economic activity. Although strikes had ended in 1994, political
unrest and lack of funds prevented the government from taking
advantage of the 50% currency devaluation of January 1994. Resumption
of World Bank and IMF flows will depend on implementation of several
controversial moves toward privatization and on downsizing the
military, on which the regime depends to stay in power.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.3 billion (1993
est.)
National product real growth rate: NA%
National product per capita: $800 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.5% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:
revenues: $284 million
expenditures: $407 million, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1991 est.)
Exports: $221 million (f.o.b., 1993)
commodities: phosphates, cotton, cocoa, coffee
partners: EC 40%, Africa 16%, US 1% (1990)
Imports: $292 million (c.i.f., 1993)
commodities: machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food, chemical
products
partners: EC 57%, Africa 17%, US 5%, Japan 4% (1990)
External debt: $1.3 billion (1991)
Industrial production: growth rate 9% (1991 est.); accounts for 20% of
GDP
Electricity:
capacity: 30,000 kW
production: 60 million kWh
consumption per capita: 83 kWh (1993)
Industries: phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement,
handicrafts, textiles, beverages
Agriculture: accounts for 49% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, cocoa,
cotton; food crops - yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet,
sorghum; livestock production not significant; annual fish catch of
10,000-14,000 tons
Illicit drugs: increasingly used as transit hub by heroin traffickers
Economic aid:
recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $142 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-90), $2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $51 million
Currency: 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1
- 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992),
282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)
note: the official rate is pegged to the French franc, and beginning
12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French
franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Togo:Transportation
Railroads:
total: 532 km
narrow gauge: 532 km 1.000-m gauge
Highways:
total: 6,462 km
paved: 1,762 km
unpaved: unimproved earth 4,700 km
Inland waterways: 50 km Mono River
Ports: Kpeme, Lome
Merchant marine: none
Airports:
total: 9
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
with paved runways under 914 m: 2
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5
@Togo:Communications
Telephone system: NA telephones; fair system based on network of radio
relay routes supplemented by open wire lines
local: NA
intercity: microwave radio relay and open wire lines
international: 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE earth station
Radio:
broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0
radios: NA
Television:
broadcast stations: 3 (relays 2)
televisions: NA
@Togo:Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 936,270; males fit for military
service 491,578 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $48 million, 2.9% of
GDP (1993)
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