TANZANIA
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TANZANIA
@Tanzania:Geography
Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya
and Mozambique
Map references: Africa
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TANZANIA - MAJOR CITIES
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Latitude, Internat'l Time
Population Longitude Phone Code Zone
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DAR ES SALAAM 769,000 6.51S, 39.18E 255-51 GMT+3
Mwanza 111,000 2.31S, 32.56E 255-68 GMT+3
Zanzibar 110,000 6.12S, 39.12E 255-54 GMT+3
Tanga 103,000 5.07S, 39.06E 255-53 GMT+3
Mbeya 77,000 8.54S, 33.27E 255-65 GMT+3
Tabora 67,000 5.01S, 32.48E 255-62 GMT+3
Arusha 55,000 3.23S, 36.40E 255-57 GMT+3
Dodoma 46,000 6.10S, 35.40E 255-61 GMT+3
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Area:
total area: 945,090 sq km
land area: 886,040 sq km
comparative area: slightly larger than twice the size of California
note: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar
Land boundaries: total 3,402 km, Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi
475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km
Coastline: 1,424 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: boundary dispute with Malawi in Lake Nyasa;
Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be
indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of the
Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled
Climate: varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands
Terrain: plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north,
south
Natural resources: hydropower potential, tin, phosphates, iron ore,
coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel
Land use:
arable land: 5%
permanent crops: 1%
meadows and pastures: 40%
forest and woodland: 47%
other: 7%
Irrigated land: 1,530 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues: soil degradation; deforestation; desertification;
destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts
affected marginal agriculture
natural hazards: the tsetse fly and lack of water limit agriculture;
flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season
international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Hazardous
Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection;
signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification
Note: Mount Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa
@Tanzania:People
Population: 28,701,077 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 47% (female 6,724,575; male 6,676,652)
15-64 years: 50% (female 7,462,615; male 7,027,551)
65 years and over: 3% (female 425,211; male 384,473) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.55% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 45.25 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 19.81 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
note: in February 1995, a fresh influx of refugees from civil strife
in Burundi brought the total number of Burundian refugees in Tanzania
to about 60,000; in addition, since April 1994 more than a half
million refugees from Rwanda have taken refuge in Tanzania to escape
civil strife in Rwanda
Infant mortality rate: 109 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 42.53 years
male: 40.88 years
female: 44.22 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.15 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Tanzanian(s)
adjective: Tanzanian
Ethnic divisions:
mainland: native African 99% (consisting of well over 100 tribes),
Asian, European, and Arab 1%
Zanzibar: NA
Religions:
mainland: Christian 45%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 20%
Zanzibar: Muslim 99% plus
Languages: Swahili (official; widely understood and generally used for
communication between ethnic groups and is used in primary education),
English (official; primary language of commerce, administration, and
higher education)
note: first language of most people is one of the local languages
Literacy: age 15 and over has ability to read and write a letter or
message in Kisahili (1988)
total population: 59%
male: 71%
female: 48%
Labor force: 732,200 wage earners
by occupation: agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 10% (1986 est.)
@Tanzania:Government
Names:
conventional long form: United Republic of Tanzania
conventional short form: Tanzania
former: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
Digraph: TZ
Type: republic
Capital: Dar es Salaam
note: some government offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which
is planned as the new national capital by the end of the 1990s
Administrative divisions: 25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma,
Iringa, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara,
Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga,
Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North,
Zanzibar Urban/West, Ziwa Magharibi
Independence: 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December
1961 (from UN trusteeship under British administration); Zanzibar
became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with
Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and
Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964
National holiday: Union Day, 26 April (1964)
Constitution: 25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
Legal system: based on English common law; judicial review of
legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Ali Hassan MWINYI (since 5 November 1985);
First Vice President Cleopa MSUYA (since 5 December 1994); Second Vice
President and President of Zanzibar Salmin AMOUR (since 9 November
1990) election last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held 29 October
1995); results - Ali Hassan MWINYI was elected without opposition
head of government: Prime Minister Cleopa David MSUYA (since 7
December 1994)
cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president from the National
Assembly
Legislative branch: unicameral
National Assembly (Bunge): elections last held 28 October 1990 (next
to be held 29 October 1995); results - CCM was the only party; seats -
(241 total, 168 elected) CCM 168
Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, High Court
Political parties and leaders: Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM or
Revolutionary Party), Ali Hassan MWINYI; Civic United Front (CUF),
James MAPALALA; National Convention for Construction and Reform
(NCCR), Lyatonga (Augustine) MREMA; Union for Multiparty Democracy
(UMD), Abdullah FUNDIKIRA; Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo
(CHADEMA), Edwin I. M. MTEI, chairman; Democratic Party
(unregistered), Reverend MTIKLA
Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, FLS, G- 6, G-77, GATT,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Charles Musama NYIRABU
chancery: 2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 939-6125
FAX: [1] (202) 797-7408
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission: Ambassador Brady ANDERSON
embassy: 36 Laibon Road (off Bagamoyo Road), Dar es Salaam
mailing address: P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam
telephone: [255] (51) 66010 through 66015
FAX: [255] (51) 66701
Flag: divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower
hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the
lower triangle is blue
Economy
Overview: Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The
economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for about
58% of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 90% of the work
force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated
crops to only 5% of the land area. Industry accounts for 8% of GDP and
is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light
consumer goods. The economic recovery program announced in mid-1986
has generated notable increases in agricultural production and
financial support for the program by bilateral donors. The World Bank,
the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided
funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure.
Growth in 1991-94 has featured a pickup in industrial production and a
substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Recent
banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and
investment.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $21 billion (1994
est.)
National product real growth rate: 3% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $750 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 25% (1994 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:
revenues: $495 million
expenditures: $631 million, including capital expenditures of $118
million (1990 est.)
Exports: $462 million (f.o.b., 1994)
commodities: coffee, cotton, tobacco, tea, cashew nuts, sisal
partners: Germany, UK, Japan, Netherlands, Kenya, Hong Kong, US
Imports: $1.4 billion (c.i.f., 1994)
commodities: manufactured goods, machinery and transportation
equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs
partners: Germany, UK, US, Japan, Italy, Denmark
External debt: $6.7 billion (1993)
Industrial production: growth rate 9.3% (1990); accounts for 8% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity: 440,000 kW
production: 880 million kWh
consumption per capita: 30 kWh (1993)
Industries: primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer,
cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold mining, oil refining,
shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer
Agriculture: accounts for about 58% of GDP; cash crops - coffee,
sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums),
cashews, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar); food crops - corn, wheat,
cassava, bananas, fruits, vegetables; small numbers of cattle, sheep,
and goats; not self-sufficient in food grain production
Illicit drugs: growing role in transshipment of Southwest Asian heroin
destined for European and US markets
Economic aid:
recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $400 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-89), $9.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $44 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $614 million
Currency: 1 Tanzanian shilling (TSh) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Tanzanian shillings (TSh) per US$1 - 523.40 (December
1994), 509.63 (1994), 405.27 (1993), 297.71 (1992), 219.16 (1991),
195.06 (1990)
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
@Tanzania:Transportation
Railroads:
total: 2,600 km; note - not a part of Tanzania Railways Corporation is
the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860
km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and New Kapiri
M'poshi in Zambia; 969 km are in Tanzania and 891 km are in Zambia;
because of the difference in gauge, this system does not connect to
Tanzania Railways
narrow gauge: 2,600 km 1.000-m gauge
Highways:
total: 81,900 km
paved: 3,600 km
unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 5,600 km; improved, unimproved earth
72,700 km
Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, Lake Nyasa
Pipelines: crude oil 982 km
Ports: Bukoba, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Lindi, Mkoani, Mtwara, Musoma,
Mwanza, Tanga, Wete, Zanzibar
Merchant marine:
total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 29,145 GRT/39,186 DWT
ships by type: cargo 3, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 2,
roll-on/roll-off cargo 1
Airports:
total: 108
with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1
with paved runways under 914 m: 30
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 16
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 51
@Tanzania:Communications
Telephone system: 103,800 telephones; fair system operating below
capacity
local: NA
intercity: open wire, microwave radio relay, troposcatter
international: 2 satellite earth stations - 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT
and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT
Radio:
broadcast stations: AM 12, FM 4, shortwave 0
radios: NA
Television:
broadcast stations: 2
televisions: NA
@Tanzania:Defense Forces
Branches: Tanzanian People's Defense Force (TPDF; includes Army, Navy,
and Air Force), paramilitary Police Field Force Unit, Militia
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 6,188,455; males fit for
military service 3,584,912 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $69 million, NA% of
GDP (FY94/95)
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