NORWAY
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NORWAY
@Norway:Geography
Location: Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North
Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden
Map references: Europe
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NORWAY - MAJOR CITIES
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Latitude, Internat'l Time
Population Longitude Phone Code Zone
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OSLO 456,000 59.55N, 10.45E 47-2 GMT+1
Bergen 211,000 60.23N, 5.20E 47-5 GMT+1
Trondheim 137,000 63.25N, 10.23E 47-7 GMT+1
Stavanger 97,000 58.58N, 5.45E 47-4 GMT+1
Kristiansand 63,000 58.08N, 8.01E 47-42 GMT+1
Drammen 52,000 59.45N, 10.15E 47-3 GMT+1
Tromso 49,000 69.40N, 18.58E 47-83 GMT+1
Alesund 36,000 62.28N, 6.09E 47-71 GMT+1
Bodo 35,000 67.17N, 14.23E 47-81 GMT+1
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Area:
total area: 324,220 sq km
land area: 307,860 sq km
comparative area: slightly larger than New Mexico
Land boundaries: total 2,515 km, Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km,
Russia 167 km
Coastline: 21,925 km (includes mainland 3,419 km, large islands 2,413
km, long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 16,093
km)
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone: 10 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 4 nm
International disputes: territorial claim in Antarctica (Queen Maud
Land); maritime boundary dispute with Russia over portion of Barents
Sea
Climate: temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current;
colder interior; rainy year-round on west coast
Terrain: glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken
by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented
by fjords; arctic tundra in north
Natural resources: petroleum, copper, natural gas, pyrites, nickel,
iron ore, zinc, lead, fish, timber, hydropower
Land use:
arable land: 3%
permanent crops: 0%
meadows and pastures: 0%
forest and woodland: 27%
other: 70%
Irrigated land: 950 sq km (1989)
Environment:
current issues: water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and
adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from
vehicle emissions
natural hazards: NA
international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air
Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air
Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental
Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping,
Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical
Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air
Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber
94
Note: about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much
indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air
routes in North Atlantic; one of most rugged and longest coastlines in
world; Norway and Turkey only NATO members having a land boundary with
Russia
@Norway:People
Population: 4,330,951 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 19% (female 390,344; male 444,570)
15-64 years: 65% (female 1,375,493; male 1,424,027)
65 years and over: 16% (female 408,675; male 287,842) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.37% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 12.86 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 10.35 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 1.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 77.61 years
male: 74.26 years
female: 81.15 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.76 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Norwegian(s)
adjective: Norwegian
Ethnic divisions: Germanic (Nordic, Alpine, Baltic), Lapps (Sami)
20,000
Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 87.8% (state church), other Protestant
and Roman Catholic 3.8%, none 3.2%, unknown 5.2% (1980)
Languages: Norwegian (official)
note: small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1976 est.)
total population: 99%
Labor force: 2.13 million
by occupation: services 71%, industry 23%, agriculture, forestry, and
fishing 6% (1992)
@Norway:Government
Names:
conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway
conventional short form: Norway
local long form: Kongeriket Norge
local short form: Norge
Digraph: NO
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Oslo
Administrative divisions: 19 provinces (fylker, singular - fylke);
Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, More og
Romsdal, Nordland, Nord-Trondelag, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold, Rogaland,
Sogn og Fjordane, Sor-Trondelag, Telemark, Troms, Vest-Agder, Vestfold
Dependent areas: Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard
Independence: 26 October 1905 (from Sweden)
National holiday: Constitution Day, 17 May (1814)
Constitution: 17 May 1814, modified in 1884
Legal system: mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common
law traditions; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature
when asked; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent
Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS (born 20 July 1973)
head of government: Prime Minister Gro Harlem BRUNDTLAND (since 3
November 1990)
cabinet: State Council; appointed by the king in accordance with the
will of the Storting
Legislative branch: modified unicameral Parliament (Storting) which,
for certain purposes, divides itself into two chambers
Storting: elections last held 13 September 1993 (next to be held
September 1997); results - Labor 37.1%, Center Party 18.5%,
Conservatives 15.6%, Christian People's 8.4%, Socialist Left 7.9%,
Progress 6%, Left Party 3.6%, Red Electoral Alliance 1.2%; seats -
(165 total) Labor 67, Center Party 32, Consevatives 18, Christian
People's 13, Socialist Left 13, Progress 10, Left Party 1, Red
Electoral Alliance 1, unawarded 10
note: for certain purposes, the Storting divides itself into two
chambers and elects one-fourth of its membership to an upper house or
Lagting
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Hoyesterett)
Political parties and leaders: Labor Party, Thorbjorn JAGLUND;
Conservative Party, Jan PETERSEN; Center Party, Anne ENGER LAHNSTEIN;
Christian People's Party, Kjell Magne BONDEVIK; Socialist Left,
Kjellbjorg LUNDE; Norwegian Communist, Kare Andre NILSEN; Progress
Party, Carl I. HAGEN; Liberal, Odd Einar DORUM; Left Party; Red
Electoral Alliance, Erling FOLKVORD
Member of: AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN,
EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU,
ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NC, NEA,
NIB, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMOGIP, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU,
WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Kjeld VIBE
chancery: 2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 333-6000
FAX: [1] (202) 337-0870
consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, and
San Francisco
consulate(s): Miami
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas A. LOFTUS
embassy: Drammensveien 18, 0244 Oslo
mailing address: PSC 69, Box 1000, APO AE 09707
telephone: [47] 22 44 85 50
FAX: [47] 22 44 33 63
Flag: red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the
edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the
hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
Economy
Overview: Norway has a mixed economy involving a combination of free
market activity and government intervention. The government controls
key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector (through large-scale
state enterprises) and extensively subsidizes agriculture, fishing,
and areas with sparse resources. Norway also maintains an extensive
welfare system that helps propel public sector expenditures to
slightly more than 50% of the GDP and results in one of the highest
average tax burdens in the world (54%). A small country with a high
dependence on international trade, Norway is basically an exporter of
raw materials and semiprocessed goods, with an abundance of small- and
medium-sized firms, and is ranked among the major shipping nations.
The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum,
hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on
its oil sector to keep its economy afloat. Norway imports more than
half its food needs. Although one of the government's main priorities
is to reduce this dependency, this situation is not likely to improve
for years to come. The government also hopes to reduce unemployment
and strengthen and diversify the economy through tax reform and a
series of expansionary budgets. The budget deficit is expected to hit
a record 8% of GDP because of welfare spending and bail-outs of the
banking system. Unemployment is currently running at 8.4% - including
those in job programs - because of the weakness of the economy outside
the oil sector. Economic growth, only 1.6% in 1993, moved up to 5.5%
in 1994. Oslo opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in
November 1994.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $95.7 billion (1994
est.)
National product real growth rate: 5.5% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $22,170 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.3% (1994 est.)
Unemployment rate: 8.4% (including people in job-training programs;
1994 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $50.9 billion
expenditures: $55.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1994 est.)
Exports: $36.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994)
commodities: petroleum and petroleum products 40%, metals and products
10.6%, fish and fish products 6.9%, chemicals 6.4%, natural gas 6.0%,
ships 5.4%
partners: EC 66.3%, Nordic countries 16.3%, developing countries 8.4%,
US 6.0%, Japan 1.8% (1993)
Imports: $29.3 billion (c.i.f., 1994)
commodities: machinery and equipment 38.9%, chemicals and other
industrial inputs 26.6%, manufactured consumer goods 17.8%, foodstuffs
6.4%
partners: EC 48.6%, Nordic countries 25.1%, developing countries 9.6%,
US 8.1%, Japan 8.0% (1993)
External debt: $NA
Industrial production: growth rate 4.6% (1994); accounts for 14% of
GDP
Electricity:
capacity: 27,280,000 kW
production: 118 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 23,735 kWh (1993)
Industries: petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and
paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing
Agriculture: accounts for 3% of GDP and about 6% of labor force; among
world's top 10 fishing nations; livestock output exceeds value of
crops; fish catch of 1.76 million metric tons in 1989
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for drugs shipped via the CIS and
Baltic states for the European market
Economic aid:
donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $4.4 billion
Currency: 1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 oere
Exchange rates: Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1 - 6.7014 (January
1995), 7.0469 (1994), 7.0941 (1993), 6.2145 (1992), 6.4829 (1991),
6.2597 (1990)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Norway:Transportation
Railroads:
total: 4,026 km
standard gauge: 4,026 km 1.435-m gauge (2,422 km electrified; 96 km
double track) (1994)
Highways:
total: 88,922 km
paved: 61,356 km (75 km of expressway)
unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, earth 27,566 km (1990)
Inland waterways: 1,577 km along west coast; 2.4 m draft vessels
maximum
Pipelines: refined products 53 km
Ports: Bergen, Drammen, Flora, Hammerfest, Harstad, Haugesund,
Kristiansand, Larvik, Narvik, Oslo, Porsgrunn, Stavanger, Tromso,
Trondheim
Merchant marine:
total: 764 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,793,968
GRT/35,409,472 DWT
ships by type: bulk 159, cargo 92, chemical tanker 85, combination
bulk 8, combination ore/oil 28, container 17, liquefied gas tanker 81,
oil tanker 162, passenger 13, passenger-cargo 2, railcar carrier 1,
refrigerated cargo 13, roll-on/roll-off cargo 54, short-sea passenger
21, vehicle carrier 28
note: the government has created a captive register, the Norwegian
International Ship Register (NIS), as a subset of the Norwegian
register; ships on the NIS enjoy many benefits of flags of convenience
and do not have to be crewed by Norwegians
Airports:
total: 104
with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 12
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 10
with paved runways under 914 m: 62
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 6
@Norway:Communications
Telephone system: 3,102,000 telephones; high-quality domestic and
international telephone, telegraph, and telex services
local: NA
intercity: domestic earth stations
international: 2 buried coaxial cable systems; 4 coaxial submarine
cables; EUTELSAT, INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean), and MARISAT earth
stations
Radio:
broadcast stations: AM 46, FM 493 (350 private and 143 government),
shortwave 0
radios: 3.3 million
Television:
broadcast stations: 54 (repeaters 2,100)
televisions: 1.5 million
@Norway:Defense Forces
Branches: Norwegian Army, Royal Norwegian Navy, Royal Norwegian Air
Force, Home Guard
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,116,130; males fit for
military service 928,774; males reach military age (20) annually
29,123 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $3.4 billion, 3.2% of
GDP (1994)
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